Bayon Temple, Angkor Thom

View of Bayon Temple. Photo by Kiran Jonnalagadda.

Closer view of the Bayon. Photo by bomobob.

Faces of Avalokiteshvara at Bayon temple. Photo by Jonathan Lewis.

Smiles of Avalokiteshvara. Photo by alidarbac.

Reliefs of battle scenes on Bayon Temple. Photo by poorfish.

Buddhist monks (by bomobob) and a Buddhist nun (by Ben) at the Bayon.

Reliefs of apsaras at Bayon. Photo © Richard Beck.

Tower and smiling faces of the Bayon. Photo by Ben.

Bayon Temple is the spectacular central temple of the ancient city of Angkor Thom, which is located just to the north of the famous Angkor Wat in Angkor, Cambodia.

Angkor Thom was built as a square, the sides of which run exactly north to south and east to west. Standing in the exact center of the walled city, Bayon Temple represents the intersection of heaven and earth. Built around 1190 AD by King Jayavarman VII, Bayon is a Buddhist temple but it incorporates elements of Hindu cosmology.

Bayon is known for its huge stone faces of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, with one facing outward and keeping watch at each compass point. The curious smiling image, thought by many to be a portrait of Jayavarman himself, has been dubbed by some the "Mona Lisa of Southeast Asia." There are 51 smaller towers surrounding Bayon, each with four faces of its own.

Bayon Temple is surrounded by two long walls bearing an extraordinary collection of bas-relief scenes of legendary and historical events. In all, there are are total of more than 11,000 carved figures over 1.2km of wall. They were probably originally painted and gilded, but this has long since faded. If you enter Bayon by the east gate and view the reliefs in a clockwise direction, here's what you'll see:

The Chams on the run. A three-level panorama of Jayavarman VII's victory over the Chams.
Linga worship. Worshippers bow before a linga (Hindu phallic symbol associated with Shiva). The revered object was probably originally a Buddha, but later altered by a Hindu king.
A naval battle. Some of Bayon's best-carved images, this section depicts scenes of a naval battle at Tonle Sap Lake and images of everyday life by the lake.
The Chams are vanquished. Scenes of the defeat of the Chams on the shore, coupled with more images of ordinary life, such as a chess game, a cockfight, and women seeling fish.
Military procession. This section, which includes elephants being led in from the mountains, is unfinished.
More military procession.
Civil war? Here groups of people confront each other, leading some scholars to believe it depicts a civil war.
The all-seeing king. This interesting panel shows an antelope being swallowed by a giant fish and a prawn among smaller fish and includes an inscription proclaiming that the king will seek out those in hiding.
Victory parade. A procession with the king carrying a bow.
A Khmer circus at the western corner or the northern wall. A strong man holds three dwarfs; a man on his back spins a wheel with his feet; above is a group of tightrope walkers. The royal court watches from a terrace.
A land of plenty. Rivers teem with fish.
The Chams retreat. This narrative takes up most of the north wall.
The Chams sack Angkor on the east wall. This panel depicts the war of 1177, when Angkor was defeated and pillaged. Above war scenes, despairing Khmers are getting drunk.
The Chams enter Angkor. Another meeting of the two armies before King Jayavarman's victory depicted in panel #1.

Location Map

Below is a location map and satellite view of the Bayon. Using the buttons on the left, zoom in for a closer look or zoom out to get your bearings. Click and drag the map to move around. For a larger view, see our Angkor Map or get our free Google Earth download.

Quick Facts

Names:	Bayon Temple; The Bayon
Type of site:	Buddhist temple with Hindu elements
Status:	Ruined but in active use
Dates:	1190 AD
Location:	Angkor Thom, Angkor, Cambodia

Sources

Lonely Planet Cambodia (2005).
Frommer's Southeast Asia
Angkor Map and Index - Oriental Architecture
Angkor Thom, the Great Walled City - The Cultured Traveler, July 2004
The Splendors of Angkor Thom - by Michael Buckley
The Temple of Angkor Thom - Cambodian Online