| When |
Who/What |
Where |
| 509 BC |
Temple of Jupiter (Capitoline Triad) first built |
Rome |
| 470-399 BC |
Socrates |
Athens |
| 430 BC |
Herodotus, History |
Greece, Persia |
| 411 BC |
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War |
Athens |
| 428-348 BC |
Plato |
Athens |
| 384-322 BC |
Aristotle |
Chalcis, Greece |
| 356-323 BC |
Alexander the Great |
Macedonia |
| 264 BC |
First Punic War |
Carthage |
| 73 BC |
Spartacus leads revolt of gladiators |
Rome |
| 49 BC |
Julius Caesar becomes dictator; end of Republic |
Rome |
| 27 BC – 14 AD |
Augustus (Octavian) becomes first Roman emperor |
Rome |
| 4 BC – 30 AD |
Jesus |
Palestine |
| 10-67 AD |
St. Paul |
Palestine, Turkey |
| 14-37 AD |
Emperor Tiberius |
Rome |
| 37-41 |
Emperor Gaius “Caligula” (mad) |
Rome |
| 41-54 |
Emperor Claudius |
Rome |
| 46-48 |
Paul’s first missionary journey |
|
| 54-68 |
Emperor Nero |
Rome |
| 57 |
Epistle to the Romans |
|
| 64 |
Great Fire of Rome |
Rome |
| c.67 |
Martyrdom of Peter and Paul |
Rome |
| 68-69 |
Emperor Galba |
Rome |
| 69-79 |
Emperor Vespasian |
Rome |
| 70 |
Fall of Jerusalem and the Temple |
Palestine |
| 79 |
Eruption of Vesuvius |
Pompeii |
| 79-81 |
Emperor Titus |
Rome |
| 81 |
Arch of Titus |
Rome |
| 81-96 |
Emperor Domitian |
Rome |
| 93 |
Josephus, The Antiquities of the Jews |
Rome |
| c.95 |
Book of Revelation |
Patmos |
| 96-98 |
Emperor Nerva |
Rome |
| 96 |
Clement of Rome, Letter to the Corinthians |
Rome |
| 97-117 |
Emperor Trajan |
Rome |
| c.107 |
Martyrdom of Ignatius of Antioch |
Rome |
| 109 |
Tacitus, Histories |
Rome |
| 117-138 |
Emperor Hadrian |
Rome |
| c.119 |
Tacitus, Annals |
Rome |
| 120 |
Didache |
Egypt or Syria |
| 138-161 |
Emperor Antoninus Pius |
Rome |
| 150 |
Justin, First Apology |
Rome |
| 150 |
Tatian, Diatessaron (Syriac four-column Gospel) |
Syria |
| 150-215 |
Clement of Alexandria |
Alexandria |
| c.155-164 |
Martyrdom of Polycarp |
|
| 161-180 |
Emperor Marcus Aurelius |
Rome |
| 177-192 |
Emperor Commodus |
Rome |
| c.177 |
Athenagoras, Embassy to the Greeks |
Alexandria |
| 180 |
Irenaeus, Against Heresies |
Lyons |
| 185-254 |
Origen of Alexandria |
Alexandria |
| Late 2nd cent. |
Muratorian Canon |
Roman West |
| Late 2nd cent. |
Epistle to Diognetus |
Alexandria |
| After 180 |
Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus |
Antioch |
| 193-211 |
Emperor Septimus Severus |
Rome |
| 211-217 |
Emperor Caracalla (Christians tolerated) |
Rome |
| 200-258 |
Novatian (antipope, cause of Novatian Schism) |
Rome |
| 221 |
Sextus Julius Africanus, Chronicle |
Palestine, Rome |
| 230 |
Origen, On First Principles |
Alexandria |
| 244-249 |
Emperor Philip the Arab (Christians tolerated, even favored) |
Rome |
| 248 |
Origen, Contra Celsum |
Alexandria |
| 249-251 |
Emperor Decius |
Rome |
| 250 |
Decian Persecution |
Roman Empire |
| 251 |
Cyprian, Unity of the Christian Church |
North Africa |
| 260-340 |
Eusebius of Caesarea |
Caesarea Palestine |
| 284-305 |
Emperor Diocletian (E) |
Eastern Empire |
| 303 |
Diocletian Persecution (burning of books and churches) |
Eastern Empire |
| 285-305 |
Emperor Maximian (W) |
Rome |
| 293-373 |
St. Athanasius |
Alexandria |
| 305-311 |
Emperor Galerius (E) |
Eastern Empire |
| 305-306 |
Emperor Constantius Chlorus (W) |
Rome |
| 306-307 |
Emperor Severus (W) |
Rome |
| 307-312 |
Emperor Maxentius (W) |
Rome |
| 306-337 |
Emperor Constantine (E&W) |
Constantinople |
| 313 |
Edict of Milan |
|
| 312-324 |
Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History |
|
| 325 |
Council of Nicea defines the Trinity |
Turkey |
| c.340 |
Eusebius, Life of Constantine |
|
| 361-363 |
Emperor Julian “the Apostate” (E&W) |
|
| 379-395 |
Emperor Theodosius (E) |
|
| 381 |
Council of Constantinople further defines the Trinity |
Turkey |
| 386 |
Conversion of Augustine |
Milan |
| 391 |
Theodosius makes Christianity official religion (paganism outlawed) |
Roman Empire |
| 392 |
Jerome, De viris illustribus (On Illustrious Men) |
Bethlehem |
| 400 |
Jerome, Vulgate |
Bethlehem |
| 410 |
Siege of Rome by Alaric |
Rome |
| 413-426 |
Augustine, City of God |
|
| 451 |
Council of Chalcedon defines Christology |
|
