Izmit (Nicomedia), Turkey
Izmit is a sizeable city (population about 200,000) in northwestern Turkey that was once the ancient Nicomedia. It lies near the head of Izmit Gulf in the Sea of Marmara.
History
Originally a Megarian city founded in the 8th century BC and called Astacus (or Olbia), Izmit achieved its greatest fame as Nicomedia, built c. 264 BC by Nicomedes I of Bithynia to replace the destroyed old city.
Nicomedia served as the capital of the kingdom of Bithynia and later, under the Romans, was often the residence of emperors.
Nicomedia became the eastern capital of the Roman Empire under Diocletian (reigned 284–305). The future emperor Constantine the Great was raised in Diocletian's court at Nicomedia, and later lived there himself before establishing his capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul). The city of Nicea was chosen as the site for the First Ecumenical Council (325 AD) largely because of its proximity to Constantine's residence in Nicomedia.
After a period of decline under the Byzantines, Nicomedia fell to the Ottomans in 1326. Izmit has grown in recent years due ot its rapid industrialization and its position on the main road and rail line between Istanbul and Ankara.
What to See
The city of Izmit spreads across several hills and over a narrow plain that contains its commercial and industrial sections. Historical monuments in Izmit include the remains of the ancient walls of Nicomedia and a Byzantine fortress. A 16th-century mosque was built by the renowned Ottoman court architect Sinan.
Quick Facts
Izmit is easily accessible, as it is on the main road and railroad line between Istanbul and Ankara.
Sources
- Encyclopędia Britannica Premium Service - "Izmit"
- Izmit Photo Gallery - Dick Osseman
