Great Temple, Petra 
Aerial view of the Great Temple (center). Image © Google Earth.
General view of the Great Temple, with Lower Temenos in foreground. Photo
Richard White.
A closer view of the Great Temple, from below. Photo
Mandy.
Ruins on west side of the Lower Temenos. Photo © Yi-Chien Chang.
Hexagonal pavement in the Lower Temenos. Photo
Richard White.
Small theater or odeon. Photo
Richard White.
Carving of an elephant by the West Exedra. Photo
Robin. 
Carved architectural fragments. Photo
Richard White.
One of the largest Nabatean complexes in Petra, the Great Temple is a two-level structure dating from the 1st century BC. It was discovered in 1992 by Brown University archaeologists, who are still excavating the site today.
History
Based on the style of fragments found at the site, archaeologists believe the Great Temple was built in the last quarter of the 1st century BC and further enlarged in the 1st century AD. It continued to be used until the Byzantine period (5th century).
As its name indicates, the structure is generally assumed to be a temple; if so, it was probably dedicated to the principal deity of Petra, Dushara. But the discovery of a small theater or bouleuterion within the complex, combined with written records of a popular assembly in Petra during this period, leave open the possibility that it was a large palace and assembly hall.
The temple remained hidden under dust and rubble until 1992, when it was rediscovered by Brown University archaeologists. Excavation and restoration work began in 1993 and continues today.
What to See
The Great Temple is the largest freestanding building uncovered so far in Petra, covering an area of 7,560 sq m. It rises about 25 meters above the Colonnaded Street, the main street running through the ancient city center. Archaeological evidence indicates the temple itself rose 19 meters (57 feet) tall.
The complex consists of a Lower Temenos, accessed by steep staircases, and an Upper Temenos that contains the temple proper. The Lower Temenos is paved with hexagonal stones and was enclosed on the east and west side by astonishing triple colonnades that contained 96-120 total columns.
Each of the colonnades lead into a small apse or exedra. The West Exedra seems to have played an especially important role in the temple; it was reconstructed several times and was full of artifacts including coins, lamps and ceramics. The archaeologists were also surprised to discover a carving of an elephant, unique in Petra, on a capital adjoining the West Exedra. A large cistern was found behind the East Exedra.
The Upper Temenos consists of east and west walkways flanking the temple (or assembly hall) proper. The temple was fronted by a facade of four sandstone columns on limestone bases. In the center of this area is the puzzling odeon or theatron, a semi-circular place of assembly with five rows of seats.
Continuing excavations will reveal more of this important ancient structure and shed more light on its use and purpose. The progress of excavations can be followed on the Brown University website (see Sources, below).
Quick Facts
Site Information |
| Names: | Great Temple |
| Location: | Petra, Jordan |
| Category: | Temples; World Heritage Sites |
| Faith: | Nabatean |
| Status: | ruins |
| Date: | 1st century BC - 1st century AD |
| Architecture: | Nabatean |
| Size: | Area: 7,560 sq m |
Visitor Information |
| Coordinates: | 30.328407° N, 35.442055° E (view on Google Maps) |
Travel Resources
- Petra Map - our detailed interactive map of Petra, plus hand-picked links to more
- Petra Guided Tours - book sightseeing tours and activities in Petra
- Petra Hotels - check availability, maps, photos and reviews, then book at the guaranteed lowest rate
- Petra Hostels - reserve budget lodgings with no booking fees
- Petra Travel Forum - tips, answers and advice on Petra tourism
Location Map
Below is a location map and aerial view of Great Temple. Using the buttons on the left, zoom in for a closer look or zoom out to get your bearings. Click and drag the map to move around. For a larger view, see our Petra Map.
Article Sources
Article written by Holly Hayes with reference to the following sources:
- Sign posted at the site by Brown University.
- The Great Temple Excavation - Brown University
- Sue Rollin and Jane Streetly, Blue Guide Jordan, 3rd ed. (London: A&C Black, 2001), 280-81.
Article last updated: 08/07/2009.
